Category: Northern Vietnam

Discover the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long in Hanoi, a UNESCO World Heritage Site with 1,000 years of history, royal palaces, war bunkers, and archaeological treasures.

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long (Hoàng Thành Thăng Long) is one of Vietnam’s most treasured cultural and historical landmarks. Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010, the citadel embodies over a thousand years of dynastic history, cultural traditions, and political power. Nestled in the bustling center of Hanoi, this sprawling complex is a must-visit destination for travelers eager to uncover Vietnam’s royal heritage and explore the layers of history that shaped the nation.

Location of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long

The citadel is located in Ba Đình District, Hanoi, just a short walk from Ba Đình Square, the Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, and the Presidential Palace. Its central location makes it easy to combine with other top attractions in the city. For many visitors, the Imperial Citadel is not just a historic site but also a gateway to understanding the capital’s role as the heart of Vietnam for centuries.

Whether you are strolling through the ancient gates or admiring the preserved palaces, the citadel offers a calm retreat from the hustle of modern Hanoi while still being right in the middle of the city.

History of the Citadel

The history of the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long stretches back over 1,300 years. Originally built in the 11th century during the Lý Dynasty, the citadel served as the political and cultural center of Vietnam through successive dynasties including the Trần, Lê, and Nguyễn.

The site itself, however, predates the 11th century. Archaeological discoveries reveal traces of a fortified city dating back to the 7th century under Chinese Tang rule, as well as structures from the Đại La Citadel built in the 9th century. When King Lý Thái Tổ established Hanoi (then called Thang Long, or “Ascending Dragon”) as the capital in 1010, the citadel became the epicenter of imperial rule.

Over time, the complex was expanded and rebuilt, blending Vietnamese, Chinese, and later French colonial architectural influences. During the 20th century, the site was repurposed as a military command center, playing a strategic role during the Vietnam War. Today, visitors can explore its layered history, where ancient dynasties, colonial rule, and modern struggles converge in one site.

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is between October and April, when Hanoi experiences cool, pleasant weather.

• Autumn (October–November): Arguably the best time, with blue skies, mild temperatures, and golden leaves adding charm to the site.
• Spring (March–April): Comfortable weather, colorful blossoms, and a festive atmosphere around Tet (Vietnamese New Year).
• Summer (May–September): Hot and humid, often with sudden rains, but the citadel remains open for those who don’t mind the tropical climate.

Tip: Visit in the morning for fewer crowds and softer lighting for photography, or in the late afternoon to enjoy cooler breezes as the sun sets behind the ancient walls.

What to See at the Imperial Citadel

Exploring the Imperial Citadel is like walking through a living museum. Key highlights include:

• Đoan Môn Gate

  

  The majestic southern gate served as the main entrance to the royal citadel. Its impressive architecture symbolizes the grandeur of Vietnam’s dynasties.

• Kính Thiên Palace (Dragon Steps)

  

  Though only the foundation and steps remain, this palace was once the ceremonial center of imperial power. Standing on the “Dragon Steps,” you can imagine the emperors conducting important rituals centuries ago.

• Hậu Lâu (Princess’ Residence)
  Built in the 19th century during the Nguyễn Dynasty and later modified by the French, this building housed royal women. It blends Vietnamese and French architecture, reflecting the site’s layered history.
• D67 House and Bunker
  A fascinating relic from the Vietnam War era, this structure served as the military command headquarters from 1954 to 1975. Visitors can see war maps, command tables, and a bunker system beneath the building.
• Archaeological Site at 18 Hoàng Diệu Street

  

  Just across from the main citadel, this excavation site reveals foundations, wells, ceramics, and relics dating back to the Lý, Trần, and Lê dynasties. It’s one of the most important archaeological discoveries in Vietnam, offering insight into over a millennium of history.

• Flag Tower of Hanoi

Built in 1812, the 33-meter-tall Flag Tower is one of Hanoi’s most iconic symbols. Its red flag with a golden star proudly flies over the city, representing resilience and national pride.

>> People read also the complete Hanoi travel guide.

Why Visit the Imperial Citadel of Thang Long?

The Imperial Citadel is more than a historical attraction—it is a journey through Vietnam’s identity. Few places in Hanoi capture such a wide timeline of the country’s past: from ancient imperial courts to colonial transitions, and finally to modern-day independence.

Visitors leave with not only an appreciation of Vietnamese architecture and culture but also a deeper understanding of how Hanoi has stood at the crossroads of history for centuries.

For history lovers, cultural explorers, and curious travelers, the citadel is a must-see. Its tranquil courtyards, historic relics, and evocative ruins make it one of the most rewarding cultural stops in the capital.

Travel Tips

• Opening hours: 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM (closed on Mondays).
• Entrance fee: Around 50,000 – 100,000 VND, updated 1 January 2025 (approx. $2–4 USD).
• Guided tours: Available in Vietnamese and English, highly recommended for deeper insights.
• Nearby attractions: Ho Chi Minh Mausoleum, One Pillar Pagoda, Temple of Literature.

Conclusion

The Imperial Citadel of Thang Long is not only a UNESCO World Heritage Site but also a symbol of Hanoi’s resilience, culture, and history. From its thousand-year-old palaces and gates to wartime bunkers and archaeological treasures, the citadel stands as a bridge connecting Vietnam’s past and present.

When in Hanoi, make sure to set aside a few hours to explore this remarkable complex—you’ll walk away with a richer appreciation of Vietnam’s fascinating story.

On November 1, 2024, the Vietnam Military History Museum will officially open to the public at its new location: Km 6+500, Thang Long Avenue, Tay Mo, Dai Mo, Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi. To celebrate this, admission will be free for all visitors until the end of December 2024.

The Vietnam Military History Museum, previously located at 28A Dien Bien Phu Street, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, will cease operations at its old site on September 30, 2024. Starting from October 1, 2024, the museum will welcome visitors to preview the new site before its grand opening in November.

Where is the New Vietnam Military History Museum Located?

The new address for the Vietnam Military History Museum is Km 6+500, Thang Long Avenue, Tay Mo, Dai Mo, Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi. The official grand opening will be held on November 1, 2024, and free admission will be available until the end of December 2024.

For tour registrations and inquiries, visitors can contact the museum at 0246.253.1367.

How to Get to the Vietnam Military History Museum by Bus?

Several bus routes stop near the museum’s new location, including buses 71B (My Dinh Bus Station – Xuan Mai), 74 (My Dinh Bus Station – Xuan Khanh), 87 (My Dinh Bus Station – Quoc Oai – Xuan Mai), 88 (My Dinh Bus Station – Hoa Lac – Xuan Mai), 107 (Kim Ma – Vietnam National Village for Ethnic Culture and Tourism), 157 (My Dinh Bus Station – Son Tay Bus Station), E05 (Long Bien – Smart City), E07 (Long Bien – Smart City), and E09 (West Lake Water Park – Smart City), making it easily accessible for visitors traveling by public transportation.

The newly built museum features modern design and interactive spaces where visitors can engage with the exhibits and experience Vietnam’s military history in an immersive way.

Overview of the Vietnam Military History Museum’s New Location

The new museum was built with funding from the Ministry of Defense on a vast 386,600 square meters of land across two wards: Tay Mo and Dai Mo in Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi. The museum houses over 150,000 artifacts, including four national treasures and numerous valuable historical items.

The modern design of the museum goes beyond a simple exhibition of war history. It offers an engaging and interactive environment where visitors can learn about the heroic struggles of the Vietnam People’s Army for national independence. The museum employs advanced exhibition methods, including 3D mapping models, touchscreen information panels, media archives, automatic audio guides, and QR codes that provide details about the artifacts, images, and over 60 video clips highlighting key battles, campaigns, and historical figures.

Phase one of the museum’s construction is now complete, and the team is working on final adjustments and improvements before the official opening to the public on November 1, 2024.

What’s Special About the New Museum?

The new Vietnam Military History Museum complex features a striking Victory Tower, standing 45 meters tall in the front courtyard. The main building consists of four above-ground floors and one basement floor, covering a total area of 23,198 square meters, with a total floor space of 64,640 square meters and a height of 35.8 meters.

Outdoor exhibits are displayed in two wings. On the left, visitors can see weapons and equipment used by the Vietnamese army and people during the wars against French and American invaders, as well as during the training and readiness phases of Vietnam’s post-war military development. Notable items include the 85mm artillery, 57mm anti-aircraft guns, PT67 tanks, MiG 17 (No. 2047), and SU22 aircraft.

On the right, the museum showcases weapons and equipment used by the French and American forces during their wars of invasion in Vietnam. Highlights include various artillery pieces, infantry fighting vehicles, and tanks. Notably, the exhibit features the M-107 self-propelled gun, known as the “King of the Battlefield,” alongside numerous American aircraft such as the A37, F5E, CH47, and C130, as well as dozens of bombs used by the U.S. military during the Vietnam War.

A symbolic display of Vietnam’s desire for peace is located in the wings of the building, where green branches and doves emerge from the wreckage of planes. This exhibit conveys Vietnam’s message of peace and reflects the country’s historical understanding of the value of peace, as shared with nations worldwide. The exhibit includes a globe and mirrors representing the history of Vietnam’s struggle for independence and sovereignty, from the era of the Hung Kings to the 20th century, showing the Vietnamese people’s desire for peace and their sacrifices to achieve national freedom and prosperity.

Iconic Displays Inside the Museum

One of the most striking exhibits in the main hall is the MiG-21 “Silver Swallow” (No. 4324). This giant aircraft is suspended from cables, creating the illusion of soaring into the sky to defend the nation. A large LED screen complements the exhibit, showcasing the beauty of Vietnam and providing information about the country’s history, culture, and military traditions.

The MiG-21, with its 14 red stars symbolizing the 14 U.S. aircraft it shot down, is a national treasure. During the Vietnam War, nine pilots flew the “Silver Swallow” 4324 in 69 missions, encountering enemy aircraft 22 times and engaging in 16 aerial combats. This aircraft was officially recognized as a National Treasure by the Vietnamese government on January 14, 2015.

Thematic Exhibition Spaces

Inside the new Vietnam Military History Museum, the ground floor is divided into six main thematic areas:

1. The Early Days of Nation-Building and Defense
2. Defense of Independence (939-1858)
3. Resistance Against French Colonialism and National Independence (1858-1945)
4. Resistance Against French Colonialism (1945-1954)
5. Resistance Against U.S. Imperialism (1954-1975)
6. Nation Building and Defense (1976-Present)

Each theme is arranged chronologically, with exhibits accompanied by detailed explanations, event information, and a diverse range of presentation formats, including text, touchscreen information panels, photos, automatic audio guides, and QR codes for artifact and image details.

One of the most vivid displays is in the section dedicated to the resistance against French colonialism. It includes life-sized dioramas recreating scenes from Hanoi during the 60-day battle to defend the capital after President Ho Chi Minh’s call for a nationwide resistance.

Artifacts of Historical Significance

The museum showcases many significant artifacts, such as a 105mm howitzer from Company 806, originally manufactured in the U.S. and used by French forces. This artillery piece was captured by the Vietnamese army during the Nghia Lo battle in the Northwest campaign of 1952. It was also used in the historic Dien Bien Phu campaign, which marked the beginning of the French defeat in Vietnam.

Another iconic exhibit is the Hien Luong Bridge, which symbolizes the division between North and South Vietnam during the war and the country’s eventual reunification after the American war.

In the section dedicated to the resistance against the U.S., the museum displays a MiG-21 (No. 5121), along with anti-aircraft systems that contributed to the Vietnamese victory during the “Dien Bien Phu in the Air” campaign in December 1972. This plane was piloted by General Pham Tuan, who shot down a B-52 bomber on December 27, 1972. It is a part of the collection honoring Vietnam’s victories over the U.S. forces.

Multimedia and Interactive Exhibits

The museum features multimedia displays with high-tech projection screens, films, diagrams, models, and maps illustrating key battles and campaigns, such as the Dien Bien Phu campaign (1954) and the Ho Chi Minh campaign (1975).

A T-54B tank that played a key role in the liberation of Hue and Da Nang, and later in the Ho Chi Minh campaign, is also on display. On April 30, 1975, this tank led the charge into Saigon, and its commander, Bui Quang Than, raised the flag over the Independence Palace.

Conclusion for New Vietnam Military History Museum

The Vietnam Military History Museum offers a vast and detailed exploration of Vietnam’s military history, providing visitors with a comprehensive look at the nation’s heroic past through artifacts, multimedia displays, and interactive experiences. The museum is currently open for pre-arranged tours by experts in the museum field, and the general public is invited to visit starting on November 1, 2024.

Don’t overlook Hoan Kiem Lake Walking Street of Hanoi during your visit to the capital; it’s a must-see destination.

This vibrant area hosts a variety of cultural and artistic events, along with an enticing culinary scene that draws visitors from far and wide. When discussing notable spots in the capital, Hanoi’s walking streets should not be overlooked.

Explore with Indochina Charm Travel to uncover the captivating activities that make this pedestrian haven a magnet for tourists.

Hoan Kiem Lake Walking Street: Location and Operating Hours

Positioned as the heart of the capital, Sword Lake draws both locals and tourists to its surroundings. Since its establishment in 2016, Hanoi Walking Street has evolved into a weekend hotspot for many enthusiasts.

This bustling walking street encompasses the vicinity around Hoan Kiem Lake, encompassing streets such as Dinh Tien Hoang, Le Thai To, Le Lai, Hang Khay, Le Thach, Tran Nguyen Han, Nguyen Xi, Trang Tien, Dinh Le, Lo Su, Hang Dau, Hoan Kiem Lake, Luong Van Can, and more. The area is enhanced by night markets and dining streets in Hang Duong, Hang Ngang, Hang Dao, Hang Buom, Dao Duy, Tu, Ta Hien, Ma May, Luong Ngoc Quyen, Hang Giay, culminating at Dong Xuan market alley.

When discussing Hanoi’s walking streets, Hoan Kiem Lake walking street is top of mind. Wondering about its opening hours? This vibrant street welcomes visitors every weekend, commencing at 7:00 p.m. on Fridays and concluding at midnight on Sundays. Additionally, every other weekend witnesses daytime gatherings for leisurely walks, offering flexibility beyond the evening hours.

Now that you know the schedule for Ho Guom walking street, seize the opportunity! Join in the festivities and entertainment with friends on this lively street.

Discovering the Allure of Hoan Kiem Lake Walking Street in Hanoi

Iconic Monuments along Hanoi’s Pedestrian Pathways

Exploring Hoan Kiem Lake Walking Street is a journey through historical landmarks that resonate with the spirit of the capital. Positioned at the heart of the lake, Turtle Tower stands as an enduring symbol of Hanoi’s rich history, evoking a sense of nostalgia linked to the formation of Thang Long.

Ngoc Son Temple, established in the 19th century on Dinh Tien Hoang Street, boasts a special National Monument status since 2013. The temple, accessed via the vibrant red The Huc wooden bridge, hosts the majestic Pen Tower and the ancient Dai Nghien made from green stone, bearing an engraved poem by Confucian scholar Nguyen Van Sieu.

Hoa Phong Tower, a relic of Bao An Pagoda built in 1842, adds to the historical charm along Hanoi’s walking street, creating a picturesque scene shaded by greenery.

Street Art Extravaganza on Pedestrian Streets

Walking Street of Hoan Kiem Lake transforms into an artistic haven with captivating street performances, ranging from Kpop cover dances and guitar serenades to lively circus acts. Youthful crowds are drawn to the vibrant atmosphere, heightened during music festivals featuring renowned artists, enhancing the energy around the walking street.

Elevated Sightseeing with Double-Decker Buses

Embark on a unique sightseeing experience aboard Hanoi double-decker buses that traverse Hanoi’s iconic landmarks. Departing from Frog Flower Garden at 51 Ly Thai To, Hoan Kiem, these buses journey through streets such as Hoang Dieu and Phan Dinh Phung, providing a 90-minute exploration of renowned sites like the Vietnam Military History Museum, Quan Thanh Temple, and the Temple of Literature. Witnessing these landmarks from above offers a fresh and peaceful perspective on the capital.

Culinary Delights on Hoan Kiem Lake Walking Street

Hoan Kiem Lake walking street is a culinary paradise, offering a plethora of Hanoi’s specialties. Indulge in dried beef salad on Hoan Kiem Lake Street, fruit pickles on To Tich Street, Trang Tien ice cream on Trang Tien Street, and other timeless delights like Hang Quat bun cha and Cau Go banh khuc. Within a 500m radius, savor iconic dishes at Pho Suong, Pho Bat Dan, Bao Khanh chicken pho, and more, each showcasing the authentic flavors of Hanoi.

Thang Long Water Puppet Theater

Located at 57B Dinh Tien Hoang Street, the Thang Long Water Puppet Theater enchants visitors with meticulously choreographed puppet plays that celebrate the wet rice civilization. From dragon dances to flute playing, these performances offer a unique cultural experience. Secure your tickets in advance for shows scheduled throughout the week, providing various time slots for both summer and winter.

Performance schedule is as follows:

• Summer: 4:10 p.m. – 5:20 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. and 8:00 p.m.
• Winter: 3:00 p.m. – 4:10 p.m. – 5:20 p.m. – 6:30 p.m. – 8:00 p.m. and 9:15 p.m.
• Sunday: 9:30 am

Traditional Folk Games for Family Fun

Folk games, including mandarin box, volleyball, stilt walking, and shuttlecock, engage families with children along Hanoi’s walking streets. Visitors can partake in these joyful activities, contributing to refreshing moments that promise delightful memories.

Artistic Portraits by Local Artists

Stroll along Hoan Kiem Lake walking street and encounter skilled artists offering quick portrait paintings within 10 minutes. Priced between 100,000 and 150,000 VND per painting, this service provides a beautiful souvenir to cherish after your visit. The portrait painting booths are particularly bustling during Tet holidays.

Vibrant Night Market on Hoan Kiem Lake Walking Street

As the sun sets, the walking street of Hoan Kiem Lake comes alive with the bustling night market, opening at 7:00 p.m. on three weekends along Hang Ngang, Hang Dao, and Hang Duong streets. Dong Xuan market is an essential stop on this entertaining journey, offering a diverse array of handicrafts, clothing, shoes, snacks, and souvenirs.

Shoppers are advised to inquire about prices and engage in friendly bargaining for a fulfilling shopping experience.

>> People read also Hanoi Old Quarter Things to Do.

Exploring Hanoi’s Diverse Walking Streets

Tranquil Vibes at Trinh Cong Son Walking Street

Nestled in Tay Ho District, Trinh Cong Son Walking Street stands as another captivating pedestrian haven in Hanoi. Since its inception in 2018, this 900-meter-long street has beckoned visitors with its allure. Revel in the enchanting spectacle of a radiant light fountain gracing the center of the lake, marvel at art paintings, and capture picturesque moments along the umbrella-adorned pathway. Immerse yourself in vibrant colors, partake in entertaining games, and savor delectable snacks during your stroll.

Son Tay’s Cultural Extravaganza

Venture to the outskirts of Hanoi and discover the charm of Son Tay Walking Street, located approximately 47km from the bustling Hoan Kiem Lake Walking Street. Open every Saturday evening, this pedestrian thoroughfare offers a diverse array of folk game activities. Engage in calligraphy, toy making, magic drawing, tug of war, bamboo jumping, and art balloons, ensuring a lively and engaging experience for visitors of all ages.

>> People read also Hanoi Ninh Binh Halong Bay Tour 5 Days.

Conclusion for Walking Street in Hanoi, Vietnam

In conclusion, a visit to Hoan Kiem Lake Walking Street in Hanoi, Vietnam, is an immersive journey that seamlessly blends rich historical heritage with contemporary vibrancy.

From iconic monuments like Turtle Tower and Ngoc Son Temple to the pulsating energy of street art performances and the cultural showcase aboard double-decker buses, this pedestrian haven offers a tapestry of experiences. Delight in the tantalizing array of Hanoi’s culinary delights, engage in traditional folk games, and capture the essence of the capital through artistic portraits and captivating water puppet shows. As day transitions to night, the vibrant night market adds a lively touch, offering a diverse range of handicrafts and souvenirs.

Whether strolling along the lakeside under the shade of ancient trees or participating in the plethora of activities, Ho Guom Walking Street promises unforgettable moments that embody the spirit and charm of Hanoi.

Stay tuned with Indochina Charm Travel Co.,Ltd – Vietnam Tour Opetator for the latest destinations and valuable travel insights for your upcoming journey.